A Biosphere reserve is notified sites which is established by a country and recognized under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. This programme was initiated by UNESCO in 1971 and is dedicated for promotion of sustainable development based on local community efforts and scienctific research. The motive of formation of a biosphere reserve is to conserve in situ all forms of life, along with it’s support system, in its totality, so that changes in natural ecosystems could be continuously monitored and evaluated. It works to foster the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through participatory dialogue, knowledge sharing, poverty reduction, human well-being improvements, respect for cultural values and by improving society’s ability to cope with climate change.

The Biosphere reserve consists of three zones as following,

Core Areas

It comprises a strictly protected zone that contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation

Buffer Zones

It surrounds or adjoins the core area(s), and is used for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can reinforce scientific research, monitoring, training and education.

Transition Area

The transition area is where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities.

The first biosphere reserve of the world was established in 1979, since then the number has increased to 701 biosphere reserves in 124  countries, including 21 transboundary sites across the world. Great Bear Lake and its surrounding watershed in Canada’s Northwest Territories is considered as the largest biosphere reserve in the world, whereas Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is the largest biosphere reserve in India.

Presently, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in India, spread across various states of India.